Copaifera

Copaifera is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. The genus comprises several dozen species of tropical trees native to Central and South America, with the greatest diversity in the Amazon region of Brazil. They are typically large evergreen trees with pinnate leaves and small, inconspicuous flowers; their fruits are woody pods containing seeds.

A distinctive trait is the production of copaiba, an oleoresin that exudes from the bark when tapped. The resin is collected and processed into copaiba oil, which varies chemically by species and geographic origin. The oil has a characteristic scent and resinous character that makes it valuable in traditional and industrial contexts.

Uses and economic importance: Historically, copaiba oil has been used in traditional medicine for wound healing and anti-inflammatory purposes, and in cosmetics, perfumes, and varnishes. In modern contexts, products in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical sectors utilize copaiba oil, though efficacy and safety depend on composition and have been the subject of ongoing research.

Distribution and habitat: Copaifera species are native to tropical forests of the Americas, especially the Amazon Basin, occurring in a range of forest types from lowland to foothill regions on well-drained soils.

Conservation: Some Copaifera species have been overharvested for resin and face ongoing threats from deforestation and habitat loss. Sustainable tapping practices, forest management, and habitat protection are important for the long-term viability of many species.

Selected species: Notable species include Copaifera officinalis, Copaifera langsdorffii, and Copaifera multijuga.