Citoszkélet

Citoszkélet, often translated as cytoskeleton, is a dynamic and intricate network of protein filaments and tubules present in the cytoplasm of all living cells. It serves as a crucial structural framework, providing mechanical support, maintaining cell shape, and facilitating cell movement. The cytoskeleton is not a static entity but rather a constantly rearranging structure that adapts to the cell's needs and external stimuli.

It is primarily composed of three types of protein polymers: actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Actin filaments, also known as microfilaments, are thin, flexible rods that play a significant role in cell shape, muscle contraction, and cell division. Intermediate filaments are rope-like fibers that provide tensile strength and resist mechanical stress, helping to maintain cell integrity. Microtubules are hollow tubes that are involved in intracellular transport, cell division (forming the spindle apparatus), and the formation of cilia and flagella.

The cytoskeleton is intimately involved in a multitude of essential cellular processes. It anchors organelles, enabling their specific positioning within the cell. Through its interaction with motor proteins like myosin and kinesin, it drives cytoplasmic streaming, organelle transport, and muscle contraction. Furthermore, the cytoskeleton is indispensable for cell division, where it orchestrates the segregation of chromosomes and the formation of new daughter cells. Its dynamic nature allows cells to change shape, migrate, and respond to their environment, making it a fundamental component of cellular life.