Ciklooxygenaza

Cyclooxygenase, often abbreviated as COX, is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes from arachidonic acid. These lipid mediators are involved in a wide range of physiological processes, including inflammation, pain, fever, and blood clotting. There are two main isoforms of cyclooxygenase: COX-1 and COX-2.

COX-1 is constitutively expressed in most tissues and is responsible for producing prostaglandins that maintain normal physiological functions, such as protecting the stomach lining, supporting kidney function, and facilitating platelet aggregation.

COX-2, on the other hand, is typically induced at sites of inflammation by inflammatory stimuli like cytokines and growth factors. It produces prostaglandins that contribute to the inflammatory response, leading to pain and fever.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen, exert their therapeutic effects by inhibiting cyclooxygenase activity. By blocking prostaglandin production, NSAIDs reduce inflammation, alleviate pain, and lower fever. However, inhibition of COX-1 can also lead to gastrointestinal side effects, a common concern with NSAID use. Selective COX-2 inhibitors were developed to target COX-2 specifically, aiming to reduce inflammation without affecting the protective functions of COX-1, though their use has also been associated with cardiovascular risks.