Chordofoon

Chordofoon is a term used in several languages, notably Dutch, to denote the family of musical instruments whose sound is produced primarily by vibrating strings. In English this family is called chordophones. The defining feature is that at least one string vibrates and transfers energy to a resonating body, producing audible sound without requiring a vibrating air column of its own.

In the Hornbostel–Sachs system, chordophones are classified as category 3 instruments. They encompass a wide range of designs, including lutes, zithers, harps, and many hybrids. The common element is that the vibrating strings are the primary sound source, with the instrument’s body acting as a resonator. Strings may be made of metal, nylon, gut, or other materials, and are typically excited by plucking, bowing, or striking.

Construction and playing techniques vary greatly across chordophones. Typical components include strings, a neck or frame, a bridge or nut to anchor strings, and a resonant body or soundbox. Styles of pitch control range from fretted necks to symmetrical fretless fingerboards. Playing methods include plucking with fingers or a plectrum, bowing with a bow, or striking with mallets in some percussion-oriented variants.

Examples of chordophones include guitar, violin, viola, cello, double bass, harp, dulcimer, koto, sitar, and piano. Electric versions extend the range of tone through amplification. Chordophones are a dominant group in many musical traditions and contribute a broad spectrum of timbres and expressive capabilities. See also: chordophone, lute, harp, zither, violin.