Cerambyx

Cerambyx is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, commonly known as longhorn beetles. Members of Cerambyx are typically large and robust, with long antennae that can be as long as or longer than the body. They occur in woodlands and forest edges across parts of the Palearctic region, including Europe, North Africa, and western Asia.

Distribution and habitat: Species within the genus are found primarily in Europe, North Africa, and parts of Asia, where they inhabit areas with mature deciduous or mixed forests. Adults are often seen on flowers, bark, or exposed wood during warm months, while the larvae develop inside dead or living wood, feeding on xylem and phloem and creating extensive tunnels.

Biology and ecology: The life cycle is dominated by the larval wood-boring stage, which can take several years to complete depending on temperature and wood availability. After pupation, adults emerge to mate and lay eggs on host trees. Adults typically have a shorter lifespan than larvae and may feed on nectar, sap, or foliage.

Notable species and conservation: Cerambyx cerdo, the great capricorn beetle, is the best-known member of the genus and can reach substantial sizes, commonly cited as up to 8–12 cm in length. It is strongly associated with oak wood and is protected in many areas due to habitat loss and collection pressures. Other species such as Cerambyx scopolii occur in southern Europe and North Africa. Across its range, habitat loss, fragmentation, and reduced dead wood availability have driven declines, leading to protective measures in several countries and regions. Cerambyx species are often considered indicators of woodland health and habitat quality.