Castells

Castells are human towers built as a traditional cultural practice in Catalonia, typically performed during festivals and public events. They are constructed by teams known as colles castelleres, composed of hundreds of people who train regularly to form multi-tiered structures. The tradition dates to the 18th century in the region around Valls, Tarragona, and has become a symbol of community and regional identity across Catalan-speaking territories.

A typical castell involves a defined sequence and roles. The base is the pinya, a dense group that supports and stabilizes the structure and cushions falls. Above the pinya rises the tronc, the vertical progression of castellers forming the tower’s body. The top section, the pom de dalt, includes the enxaneta, a child climber who ascends to the apex and raises a hand to signal completion. The activity is directed by the cap de colla, the captain of the team, and each participant has a precise role. Training emphasizes balance, strength, timing, and safety, with the pinya playing a crucial role in protection.

Castells vary in height; towers range from simple three- or four-level structures to more complex forms that push higher levels, demanding careful coordination and trust among participants. Public demonstrations, known as diades castellera, are common in towns and cities, and there are annual competitions such as the Concurs de Castells.

In 2010, UNESCO designated castells as part of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, recognizing their cultural significance and communal spirit. The practice continues to be sustained through community involvement, intergenerational participation, and regional festivals.