Casteismo

Casteismo refers to the social system of caste, a traditional structure that divides society into hierarchical groups based on birth, occupation, and social status. Originating in ancient India, the caste system has historically been a defining feature of South Asian societies, particularly in countries like India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. It is characterized by rigid social stratification, where individuals are assigned roles and privileges—or restrictions—based on their caste, often passed down through generations.

The caste system is traditionally divided into four main varnas: Brahmins (priests and scholars), Kshatriyas (warriors and rulers), Vaishyas (merchants and traders), and Shudras (laborers and service providers). Below these were the Dalits, historically considered "untouchables," who performed menial tasks deemed impure by higher castes. This system was reinforced by religious texts, cultural norms, and legal practices, creating deep-seated social inequalities.

Casteismo persists in various forms today, though its legal and social legitimacy has been challenged. In India, for instance, the Constitution abolished untouchability and introduced affirmative action policies to address historical disparities. However, caste-based discrimination, prejudice, and violence continue to affect millions, influencing marriage, employment, and access to resources. The concept has also spread beyond South Asia through diaspora communities, where caste identities may influence social dynamics in new contexts.

Critics argue that casteismo perpetuates systemic oppression, while supporters sometimes frame it as a cultural tradition rather than an oppressive structure. Global discussions on caste often intersect with debates on identity, equality, and human rights, highlighting its complex legacy and enduring impact.