CarcinoidErkrankung

Carcinoid Erkrankung refers to a group of rare neuroendocrine tumors that originate from specialized cells called enterochromaffin cells. These cells are found throughout the digestive tract, as well as in the lungs and pancreas. Carcinoid tumors are slow-growing and often secrete hormones, most commonly serotonin, which can lead to a variety of symptoms. The term "carcinoid" itself is derived from the Greek word "karkinos" meaning crab, and "-oid" meaning like, suggesting a resemblance to cancer.

The most common location for carcinoid tumors is the appendix, followed by the small intestine, rectum, and lungs. Symptoms are highly variable and depend on the tumor's location, size, and whether it has metastasized. Carcinoid syndrome, a classic manifestation, occurs when the tumor secretes excessive amounts of hormones that reach the systemic circulation. This can result in flushing of the skin, diarrhea, abdominal pain, wheezing, and heart valve abnormalities. Many carcinoid tumors, especially those in the appendix and rectum, are asymptomatic and discovered incidentally during investigations for other conditions.

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of imaging techniques such as CT scans, MRI, and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy. Blood and urine tests to measure hormone levels, like 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), are also crucial. Treatment strategies vary based on the stage and location of the tumor. Options include surgical resection for localized tumors, medication to control hormone secretion (e.g., somatostatin analogues), and in some cases, therapies like interferon or peptide receptor radionuclide therapy for metastatic disease. While carcinoid tumors can be malignant, their slow growth often allows for long-term survival with appropriate management.