Carbonitridálás

Carbonitridálás is a thermochemical surface hardening process used on ferrous materials, primarily steels. It involves diffusing both carbon and nitrogen into the surface of the metal at elevated temperatures, typically between 800 and 1000 degrees Celsius, in a controlled atmosphere. This atmosphere is usually derived from gases such as methane (for carbon) and ammonia (for nitrogen), or other carbon- and nitrogen-releasing compounds. The process is carried out in a furnace, and the specific temperature, time, and gas composition are critical factors determining the depth and properties of the hardened case.

The primary goal of carbonitridálás is to create a hard, wear-resistant surface layer while maintaining a relatively tough core. The diffused carbon and nitrogen atoms react with iron to form extremely hard carbonitrides. These fine precipitates are dispersed within the iron matrix, significantly increasing hardness and improving resistance to abrasion, erosion, and fatigue. The depth of the case can be controlled by adjusting the process parameters.

Compared to straight carburizing or nitriding, carbonitridálás offers a unique combination of properties. It can achieve higher surface hardness than carburizing and can be performed at lower temperatures than nitriding, leading to less distortion. The process is particularly effective for medium and high-carbon steels, as well as alloy steels. Common applications include gears, bearings, camshafts, crankshafts, and other components subjected to high wear and stress.