Canarddelta

Canard delta, or canard-delta, is an aircraft configuration that combines a small forward wing (the canard) with a large delta wing. The canard is placed ahead of the main wing and is usually a control surface; in many contemporary designs it is an all-moving surface controlled by a fly-by-wire system. The delta wing provides high-speed performance and structural efficiency, while the canard improves lift, delay of stall, and pitch control at high angles of attack.

Design rationale: The combination aims to enhance maneuverability and short-field performance. The canard increases lift and improves pitch control at high angles of attack, potentially enabling lower takeoff and landing speeds. The delta wing yields high transonic performance and reduced structural weight. However, many modern canard-delta fighters are statically unstable in pitch to maximize agility, requiring advanced flight-control systems to maintain stability and handling.

Notable examples: The Saab 37 Viggen, introduced in the 1960s, is among the earliest operational canard-delta aircraft. Later, the Dassault Rafale and the Eurofighter Typhoon adopted canard-delta configurations, employing movable foreplanes and advanced fly-by-wire systems to exploit the concept. The layout continues to influence fighter design and is seen in several contemporary programs and research aircraft.

Operational notes: Canard-delta designs emphasize agility and short-field capability but come with increased mechanical complexity and maintenance demands due to movable foreplanes and the need for sophisticated flight control systems. Handling characteristics can vary at low speeds and high angles of attack, influenced by foreplane and wing interactions.