shortfield

Shortfield denotes aviation operations on runways shorter than standard, requiring specialized techniques to achieve safe landing or takeoff performance. Though the term is most commonly used in general aviation, it can apply to any aircraft operating with limited runway length, including military training and bush operations. Factors influencing short-field operations include runway length, surface condition, obstacles at the ends, wind, and density altitude. Proper assessment of braking action and climb performance is essential.

In a short-field landing, pilots aim for a stabilized approach at or near the final approach speed, touch down as soon as practicable within the first portion of the runway, and immediately deploy braking and, if applicable, aerodynamic devices (spoilers or speed brakes). The goal is to minimize runway required for stopping while maintaining directional control. In the takeoff variant, pilots use full power and accelerate in ground effect to the best angle of climb speed, with an early rotation and careful pitch to avoid contacting obstacles. After liftoff, climb at Vx until obstacles are cleared, then transition to a normal climb speed.

Because shortfield performance is highly sensitive to weight, density altitude, and runway conditions, pilots perform careful planning, including weight optimization and performance calculations. Training and checklists for short-field techniques are standard in flight schools and many professional flight operations.

See also: short-field landing, short-field takeoff.