Canalithotomy

Canalithotomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of calcified deposits, known as canaliths or otoconia, from the semicircular canals of the inner ear. These calcium carbonate crystals, normally found in the utricle and saccule, can become dislodged and migrate into the semicircular canals. When this occurs, they can interfere with the normal fluid movement within these canals, leading to a sensation of vertigo and dizziness. This condition is commonly referred to as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).

While non-surgical maneuvers like the Epley maneuver and Semont maneuver are the primary treatments for BPPV, canalithotomy is considered a surgical option when these conservative methods have failed to provide relief. The procedure is typically performed under local or general anesthesia. A small incision is made behind the ear to access the affected semicircular canal. The surgeon then carefully opens the canal and attempts to locate and remove the dislodged canaliths. In some cases, the surgeon may also perform a labyrinthectomy, which involves removing the entire labyrinth, to permanently resolve the vertigo.

Canalithotomy is a relatively uncommon procedure due to the success rates of the non-surgical treatments. The risks associated with the surgery include hearing loss, persistent vertigo, facial nerve injury, and infection. Recovery time can vary, and a period of rehabilitation may be necessary to help the individual regain balance and reduce residual dizziness. This surgical intervention is generally reserved for severe and intractable cases of BPPV.