Caloprymnus

Caloprymnus is a genus of extinct marsupials belonging to the family Potoroidae. Only one species is known, Caloprymnus campbelli, commonly called the desert rat-kangaroo. This species inhabited arid and semi-arid regions of Australia. Fossil evidence suggests that Caloprymnus campbelli was present during the Pleistocene epoch and possibly into the Holocene. It is distinguished from other potoroids by its relatively long hind limbs and its adaptations to a desert environment.

The desert rat-kangaroo was a small to medium-sized marsupial, with an estimated body length and tail length. Its diet likely consisted of grasses, roots, and possibly insects. The discovery of its remains in caves and sand dune deposits provides insights into its habitat and behavior. Caloprymnus campbelli is believed to have become extinct relatively recently, with the last confirmed sightings potentially in the early to mid-20th century, though its precise extinction date remains uncertain. Several factors, including habitat loss due to grazing by introduced livestock and predation by introduced carnivores like foxes and cats, are thought to have contributed to its decline and eventual extinction. The genus name Caloprymnus is derived from Greek words meaning "beautiful" and "snout," referring to its physical characteristics.