Calathea

Calathea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Marantaceae, native to tropical regions of the Americas. The group is cultivated for its foliage, with leaves often displaying intricate patterns and contrasting undersides. In modern taxonomy, many species formerly placed in Calathea have been transferred to other genera such as Goeppertia, reflecting revisions in Marantaceae.

Description: Calathea species are herbaceous perennials with rhizomes. Leaves are usually large and decorative, with variegation that can be green, silver, or purple, and undersides commonly purplish. Many species exhibit nyctinasty, folding or lifting leaf blades at night.

Habitat and cultivation: Native to rainforests and understory habitats, they prefer warm temperatures, high humidity, and indirect light. In homes they tolerate bright, filtered light but will scorch in direct sun. They require evenly moist, well-draining soil, and should not be allowed to sit in water. Average room temperatures (about 18–24 C) and humidity above 50% are ideal. Water with non-saline, room-temperature water; reduce watering in winter. Fertilize sparingly during the growing season.

Propagation and care: Propagation is by division or rhizome cuttings. Repotting every 1–2 years helps maintain vigor. Common issues include brown leaf tips from low humidity or salts, and pests such as spider mites, mealybugs, and scale. Calathea plants are popular ornamental foliage plantings in homes and cultivation settings.