Calabria

Calabria is a region in southern Italy, forming the toe of the Italian peninsula. It is bounded by Basilicata to the north, the Tyrrhenian Sea to the west, the Ionian Sea to the east, and the Strait of Messina to the southwest, facing Sicily. The regional capital is Catanzaro, though the largest urban centers are Reggio Calabria and Cosenza. The territory is divided into five provinces: Catanzaro, Cosenza, Crotone, Reggio Calabria, and Vibo Valentia.

Geography features the Apennine mountains, including the Pollino National Park in the north and the Aspromonte massif near Reggio Calabria. The coast along the Tyrrhenian Sea is known for the Costa degli Dei or Coast of the Gods, while the Ionian coast offers a variety of beaches. The climate varies from coastal warmth to inland mountain conditions, with hot summers and mild winters.

Historically, Calabria was part of Magna Graecia in ancient times and later came under Roman, Byzantine, Norman, and Bourbon rule before joining the Kingdom of Italy. The modern economy is diverse but often economically behind northern regions, with agriculture (olive oil, wine, citrus, bergamot), tourism, and some manufacturing playing important roles. Bergamot oranges grown around Reggio Calabria supply essential oils, and Cirò wine from the Crotonese area is notable.

Demographically, Calabria is home to about two million people, with a landscape of historic towns, villages, and evolving urban centers. The region has faced emigration and structural economic challenges, as well as organized crime activity linked to the 'Ndrangheta in parts of the area.