Basilicata

Basilicata, historically known as Lucania, is a region of Southern Italy situated between Campania to the north, Apulia to the east, Calabria to the south, and the Tyrrhenian Sea to the west. The coast runs along the Tyrrhenian Sea in the west and the Ionian Sea to the southeast, while the interior is largely mountainous as part of the Apennines. The region includes the volcanic area around Monte Vulture and upland districts such as the Lucanian and Pollino ranges.

Administratively, Basilicata is divided into two provinces: Potenza, whose capital is the city of Potenza, and Matera, whose capital is the city of Matera. Potenza is the inland administrative center, while Matera is renowned for its historic cave dwellings, the Sassi.

History and culture: The area corresponds to the ancient region of Lucania, a core part of Magna Graecia in classical times. In the modern era Basilicata emerged as a distinct Italian region after World War II. The Sassi di Matera, cave settlements carved into limestone, were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993. The Pollino National Park, shared with Calabria, protects a broad mountainous landscape. The Monte Vulture volcanic complex is a notable geographic feature associated with local wine production, including varieties such as Aglianico del Vulture.

Economy and demographics: Basilicata has a relatively sparse population and a diversified economy centered on agriculture (notably olive oil and wine), small-scale industry, and tourism. Tourism is increasingly linked to Matera’s historic center and the region’s natural parks and mountain landscapes.