CHBr3

CHBr3, commonly known as bromoform, is a trihalomethane with the formula CHBr3. It is a colorless, dense liquid at room temperature and is miscible with many organic solvents while being relatively insoluble in water. Its density is about 2.9 g/cm3 and its boiling point is around 150 °C, with a melting point near −4 °C.

Production and occurrence: Bromoform is produced industrially and can be obtained by halogenation reactions or as a byproduct in bromination processes. It can also be formed in the haloform reaction when a methyl ketone, such as acetone, is treated with bromine under basic conditions, yielding CHBr3 along with inorganic salts and carboxylate products.

Chemical behavior and applications: As a nonpolar solvent, CHBr3 has been used to dissolve fats, waxes, essential oils, and various organic compounds. It serves as a reagent and intermediate in organic synthesis and can generate the trihalomethyl carbanion under strong basic conditions, which participates in selected nucleophilic transformations. Because of its high density and volatility, it is typically handled in well-ventilated facilities and stored away from heat or ignition sources.

Safety and handling: Bromoform is toxic and can irritate the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Prolonged or high-level exposure may affect liver and kidney function. It should be used with appropriate personal protective equipment in a fume hood, and releases to water bodies should be avoided. CHBr3 is listed as a hazardous chemical and requires careful handling and proper disposal.