CBr3H

CBr3H, commonly called tribromomethane or bromoform, is a halomethane consisting of a central carbon bonded to three bromine atoms and one hydrogen.

Physically, it is a dense, colorless liquid with a distinctive odor. It has a high density relative to water and is largely immiscible with water, though it dissolves many nonpolar solvents. Its boiling point is around 150°C, making it a relatively high-boiling solvent compared with many other halomethanes.

Production and occurrence are primarily industrial. CBr3H is typically prepared by brominating chloroform (CHCl3) in a basic medium, such as a mixture containing bromine and sodium hydroxide, which converts CHCl3 to CBr3H with the formation of sodium chloride and water. It can also appear as a byproduct in certain chlorination processes.

Uses of CBr3H have diminished over time. It has been employed as a solvent for fats, waxes, and essential oils and as a reagent or intermediate in the synthesis of other brominated compounds. Concerns about toxicity and environmental impact have led to broader use of safer alternatives in many applications.

Safety and handling are important due to its toxic nature. CBr3H can irritate the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract, and exposure may affect the nervous system, liver, or kidneys. It should be handled in a well-ventilated area or fume hood with appropriate protective equipment. While not highly flammable, it can decompose at elevated temperatures to corrosive hydrogen bromide or bromine. Proper storage in a cool, well-ventilated place away from oxidizers is recommended.