C6H12

C6H12 is a molecular formula that corresponds to several hydrocarbons, all characterized by six carbon atoms and twelve hydrogen atoms. The hydrogen deficiency index for this formula is 1, indicating a single ring or a monocyclic, saturated structure. In everyday chemistry, C6H12 most commonly describes monocycloalkanes and their alkyl-substituted derivatives, i.e., hydrocarbons that contain one carbon ring and only single bonds.

The best-known member is cyclohexane, a colorless, nonpolar liquid widely used as a solvent and as a chemical feedstock. Cyclohexane serves as a precursor in the production of adipic acid, which is a key material in nylon manufacturing, and it also appears in various solvent and coating formulations. Other isomers arise from cycloalkane backbones with one or more alkyl substituents. Examples include methylcyclopentane (a cyclopentane ring bearing a single methyl group) and several cyclobutane derivatives such as dimethylcyclobutane or ethylcyclobutane, all of which fit the C6H12 formula.

Because many constitutional isomers share the same formula, C6H12 covers a range of structures with different physical properties and applications. These compounds are generally nonpolar and hydrocarbon-like in behavior, with properties governed by ring size, substitution pattern, and molecular branching. They are typically relatively nonreactive under ordinary conditions but can undergo typical alkane-type reactions, such as halogenation or oxidation under appropriate catalysts and conditions.

See also: Cycloalkanes, Alkyl substituents, Isomerism in hydrocarbons.