cyclohexane

Cyclohexane is an organic compound with the formula C6H12. It is a cycloalkane consisting of a six-membered ring of carbon atoms in which all carbon–carbon bonds are single. The ring adopts several conformations, the most stable being the chair form; rapid interconversion between chair conformations occurs through ring flipping, and the molecule is non-aromatic and nonplanar.

At room temperature cyclohexane is a colorless, volatile liquid. It has a boiling point of 80.7 °C and a density of about 0.78 g/mL at 20 °C. It is relatively nonpolar and nearly insoluble in water, but dissolves in many organic solvents. It is prone to forming vapors that can be ignited, and its refractive index is around 1.426.

Industrially, cyclohexane is produced mainly by the catalytic hydrogenation of benzene or found as a byproduct in petroleum refining. It serves as a versatile nonpolar solvent in coatings, adhesives, inks, and chemical syntheses. It is also a key feedstock in the production of adipic acid and caprolactam, compounds used to manufacture nylon 6. Adipic acid is obtained through oxidative processing of cyclohexanone/cyclohexanol mixtures derived from cyclohexane, while caprolactam is produced via transformations of cyclohexanone related intermediates.

Safety and handling: cyclohexane is highly flammable, and its vapors can form explosive mixtures with air. Prolonged exposure can affect the central nervous system and cause irritation. It should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition and oxidizers, with appropriate containment and personal protective equipment.