BuschkeLöwenstein

Buschke-Löwenstein tumor, also known as Buschke-Löwenstein giant condyloma, is a rare and aggressive form of a verrucous carcinoma. It typically arises in the anogenital region and is strongly associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, particularly strains 6 and 11. The tumor presents as a large, fungating mass with a warty surface, often mistaken for a common genital wart due to its appearance.

Histologically, it exhibits features of verrucous carcinoma, characterized by a well-differentiated squamous epithelium with a prominent papillary or verruciform architecture. Despite its benign histological appearance, Buschke-Löwenstein tumor has a high potential for local invasion and destruction of surrounding tissues. Metastasis is uncommon but can occur in advanced stages.

Diagnosis is usually made through a biopsy and histopathological examination. Clinical presentation, location, and the characteristic gross appearance are important diagnostic clues. Treatment is challenging and typically involves surgical excision with wide margins. However, due to its infiltrative nature, complete eradication can be difficult, leading to high rates of recurrence. Adjuvant therapies such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be considered in cases of incomplete resection or aggressive disease. The long-term prognosis depends on the extent of the tumor and the effectiveness of treatment.