Bulksolid

Bulksolid is a term used to describe a solid material that is handled, stored, or processed in bulk form rather than as individually packaged units. It covers powders, grains, pellets, granules, and crystalline solids that are produced, transported, and used in large quantities.

Key properties of bulk solids include bulk density, particle size distribution, moisture content, porosity, and flowability. These materials can be free-flowing or cohesive depending on particle characteristics, moisture, and additives. Flow behavior is often described by parameters such as angle of repose and flow function, which influence handling and equipment selection.

Industries dealing with bulksolids include agriculture, cement and construction, chemicals, plastics, food processing, and mining. Handling and processing typically involve equipment such as silos or bunkers for storage, hoppers and feeders for discharge, and conveyors (belt, screw, or pneumatic) for transport. Processing steps may include blending, mixing, milling, granulation, and packaging. Storage considerations focus on preventing segregation, bridging, compaction, and moisture-related changes in flow.

Design and safety considerations are central to bulksolid handling. Hopper and silo geometries must mitigate arching and ratholing, and wall friction and outlet design are chosen to ensure reliable flow. Dust generation poses explosion and health risks, necessitating adequate ventilation, dust control measures, and ignition-source management. Standards and best practices vary by industry, but the principles generally aim to maximize safe, reliable, and cost-effective bulk material handling.