Bryum

Bryum is a genus of mosses in the family Bryaceae. It is one of the largest and most widely distributed moss genera, comprising hundreds of described species found on every continent except Antarctica.

It includes small to medium-sized mosses that form dense green to brownish-green mats or tufts on soil, rock, decaying wood, or anthropogenic substrates such as roofs and pavement. Plants are usually compact, with slender shoots and small leaves. Leaves are typically arranged along the stem and may have a sharp apex; leaf cells are generally elongated.

Reproduction: Sexual reproduction occurs via spore-producing capsules on stalks (setae). Many Bryum species also spread vegetatively by fragmentation.

Taxonomy and diversity: Bryum is one of the most species-rich moss genera; species delimitation is challenging, and many species have been revised or transferred to related genera as a result of morphological and molecular studies.

Ecology and distribution: Widespread in temperate and tropical regions; commonly found in disturbed soils, lawns, sidewalks, rocks, and mossy gaps; tolerant of a range of pH and moisture levels; can colonize bare ground after disturbance and can tolerate desiccation.

Notable species: The common examples Bryum capillare (hairy cap moss) and Bryum argenteum (silver moss) are frequently encountered in urban and natural settings. Etymology: The name Bryum is derived from Greek bryos, meaning moss.