Broskmodeller

Broskmodeller are physical models that replicate cartilage tissue for educational, clinical, and research purposes. They cover articular cartilage in joints (such as the knee or hip), as well as cartilage in the trachea, larynx, nose, and other cartilaginous structures. Models can be generic for teaching or patient-specific, created from imaging data to reflect individual anatomy.

Construction and materials vary. Modern broskmodeller are often produced from CT or MRI scans to produce accurate geometries, then manufactured with methods such as 3D printing or casting. Materials used to simulate cartilage range from silicone elastomers and polyurethanes to hydrogels and composite blends. Some models employ multi-material configurations to imitate the contrast between cartilage and underlying bone or to reproduce different tissue layers. Advances in soft robotics and compliant polymers have improved the tactile realism of many models.

Applications include medical education, where they help students learn anatomy and palpation; clinical training for procedures such as arthroscopy or cartilage repair planning; and research or device testing for implants, scaffolds, or prosthetics. They also aid patient communication by providing tangible demonstrations of conditions like osteoarthritis or cartilage injuries and of proposed surgical interventions.

Limitations and challenges involve balancing realism with cost and durability. While broskmodeller can closely mimic shape and some mechanical properties, they may not fully reproduce the complex viscoelastic behavior or long-term wear of native cartilage. Ongoing work focuses on materials and fabrication techniques to enhance fidelity and accessibility.