Bromheksin

Bromheksin, also spelled bromhexine, is a mucolytic medication used to loosen thick bronchial secretions in disorders of the respiratory tract. It is intended to improve airway clearance and reduce coughing by facilitating expectoration in conditions such as acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, sinusitis with mucus, and other forms of productive cough. It is available in several countries under various brand names as an oral syrup or tablets, and in some markets as an inhalation solution.

Bromheksin acts by breaking the disulfide bonds in mucus glycoproteins, decreasing mucus viscosity and elasticity. It also stimulates serous gland secretion in the bronchi, which increases the watery component of mucus and promotes ciliary clearance. After administration, it is metabolized in the liver to active metabolites, including ambroxol, contributing to its mucolytic effect.

Common indications include relief of chest congestion in bronchitis and other infectious or inflammatory airway diseases, as well as conditions with thick mucus in asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease where mucus obstruction is a problem.

Typical formulations are oral tablets or a syrup; inhalation solutions are used in some countries. Dosing depends on age and product; treatment is generally limited to short-term use unless advised by a clinician.

Common side effects are usually mild and may include gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, or diarrhea; hypersensitivity reactions can occur. Rarely, skin rashes or bronchospasm may appear. Bromheksin should be avoided in individuals with known hypersensitivity to the drug and used with caution in peptic ulcer disease or severe liver impairment. It is not recommended for use during pregnancy unless clearly needed, and lactating women should consult a clinician. There are no major interactions known, but consult a healthcare provider about potential interactions with other medicines.