Bremskreise

Bremskreise, or brake circuits, are the networks and subsystems that transmit and regulate braking force from a brake control device to the braking actuators in a vehicle or machine. Their primary purpose is to convert the kinetic energy of a moving object into heat in the brake components, thereby slowing or stopping the motion.

There are several main types of brake circuits. Hydraulic brake circuits use incompressible brake fluid to transmit pedal pressure from the master cylinder to wheel cylinders or calipers, which apply friction linings to rotors or drums. Pneumatic or air brake circuits use compressed air, common in heavy vehicles and railway systems, with valves, reservoirs, and brake cylinders that modulate braking force. Electric or electro-hydraulic brake circuits rely on electric actuators or motors, and are increasingly integrated with regenerative braking and electronic control units for precise modulation and energy recovery.

Key components across brake circuits include the master or brake control device, lines or pipes for fluid or air, brake actuators at the wheels (calipers, wheel cylinders, or air brake cylinders), and friction elements such as pads or shoes. Modern systems may incorporate anti-lock braking (ABS) and electronic stability control (ESC) to prevent wheel lock and improve handling.

Safety and maintenance considerations are essential, including redundancy of pressure sources, leak detection, proper fluid or brake media, heat management, and regular inspection of lines, valves, and actuators. Brake circuits are used in automobiles, trucks, buses, and railway rolling stock, with variations tailored to the performance and safety requirements of each application.