Bodycolor

Bodycolor refers to the external color of an organism’s body or surface. In biology, it results from a combination of pigments, structural coloration, and the scattering and absorption properties of tissues. Bodycolor can vary within individuals (ontogenetic changes), among populations, and across species, reflecting genetic differences as well as environmental influences.

Pigments such as melanin, carotenoids, and pterins contribute directly to bodycolor, often by absorbing certain wavelengths of light. Structural coloration arises when micro- or nano-scale structures interact with light to produce iridescent or metallic effects that pigments alone would not create. Blood flow, tissue thickness, and the presence of surface hairs or scales can also modify perceived color. Environmental factors like UV exposure, diet, and temperature can alter pigment production and distribution, leading to seasonal or ontogenetic color changes in many organisms.

The color of the body serves several ecological and evolutionary functions. Camouflage helps conceal individuals from predators or prey, while conspicuous coloration can signal fitness to mates or deter rivals through aposematism. In some species, color also influences thermoregulation by affecting light absorption. Variation in bodycolor can be a target of natural selection, leading to geographic and ecological differentiation.

Researchers study bodycolor using spectrophotometry, colorimetry, and standardized photography to quantify hue, saturation, and brightness. Genetic analyses identify loci involved in pigment synthesis and pattern formation, while ecological studies relate color variation to habitat, behavior, and fitness.