Blenniiformes

The order Blenniiformes comprises a diverse group of small to medium-sized marine ray-finned fishes, commonly known as combtooth blennies, rockskippers, or salamanders. This order is part of the suborder Blennioidei and includes over 1,000 species distributed across various families, with the majority inhabiting tropical and subtropical coastal waters. Blenniiformes are primarily found in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans, though some species extend into temperate regions.

Most Blenniiformes are characterized by their elongated, slender bodies, often with a distinctive dorsal fin that may be continuous or divided. Many species possess specialized adaptations for their benthic lifestyles, such as flattened bodies, strong pectoral fins for clinging to rocks or coral, and modified mouths for feeding on algae, small invertebrates, or detritus. Some species exhibit sexual dimorphism, with males often displaying more vibrant colors or elaborate fins during breeding seasons.

The order includes several ecologically and commercially significant families. The Blenniidae, or combtooth blennies, are among the most diverse, with species ranging from deep-sea dwellers to intertidal inhabitants. The Salariidae, or salamanders, are notable for their ability to "skip" across surfaces using their pectoral fins, a behavior that gives the group its common name. Other families, such as the Tripterygiidae (threefin blennies) and the Clinidae (clingfishes), exhibit unique morphological traits, such as additional dorsal fin spines or suction-cup-like pelvic fins.

Blenniiformes play important roles in their ecosystems, contributing to nutrient cycling through grazing on algae and serving as prey for larger predators. Some species are also valued in aquaculture, particularly in the aquarium trade, where their vibrant colors and interesting behaviors make them popular among hobbyists. Conservation efforts vary by species, with certain populations facing threats from habitat destruction, pollution, and overfishing.