Biodiversitetstab

Biodiversitetstab is the decline in the variety and variability of life on Earth. It encompasses species extinctions, reductions in genetic diversity, and the loss of ecosystem diversity, often driven by human activities and, to a lesser extent, natural factors. The term is used in scientific, policy, and media contexts to describe trends in biodiversity.

Major drivers include habitat destruction and fragmentation, overexploitation of wildlife and natural resources, pollution, invasive species, climate change, and land-use change from agriculture and urban development. These pressures interact and can alter ecosystems faster than species can adapt or migrate.

Biodiversitetstab affects ecosystem services essential for human well-being, such as pollination, food security, water purification, soil health, flood regulation, and cultural or recreational values. Losses can reduce resilience to shocks and undermine livelihoods, especially for communities that depend directly on natural resources.

Measurement relies on indicators like species richness, extinction rates, trends in populations, and genetic diversity, as well as indices such as the Living Planet Index or Biodiversity Intactness. Monitoring programs and global reporting schemes help track progress and inform policy decisions.

Globally, biodiversity loss has prompted international frameworks, including targets under the Convention on Biological Diversity and related post-2020 frameworks. While some regions show improvements in protected areas or restoration, overall rates of species loss remain well above historical baselines.

Responses focus on conservation, sustainable use, habitat restoration, and policies that integrate biodiversity in land-use planning, agriculture, fisheries, and industry. Economic instruments, such as payments for ecosystem services, and public awareness efforts aim to reduce pressures and support restoration and resilience.