Bindehinnen

The conjunctiva, commonly referred to as the bindehaut (German: *Bindehaut*), is a thin, transparent membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and covers the white part of the eye (sclera). It plays a crucial role in protecting and lubricating the eye while facilitating smooth eyelid movement.

Anatomically, the conjunctiva consists of three main regions: the palpebral conjunctiva, which lines the inner surface of the eyelids; the bulbar conjunctiva, which covers the sclera; and the fornix conjunctiva, the transitional area between the two. It is composed of stratified squamous epithelium, allowing it to withstand friction from blinking and eye movement. The conjunctiva also contains blood vessels and goblet cells that secrete mucus, contributing to the tear film that keeps the eye moist and free of debris.

Common conditions affecting the conjunctiva include conjunctivitis (pink eye), which can be caused by infections (viral, bacterial, or chlamydial), allergies, or irritants. Symptoms often include redness, itching, swelling, discharge, and a gritty sensation. Other disorders may involve inflammation (e.g., conjunctival cysts or pterygium) or structural abnormalities. Diagnosis typically involves a clinical examination, while treatment depends on the underlying cause—ranging from antibiotics for infections to antihistamines for allergic reactions.

The conjunctiva is susceptible to injuries, such as abrasions or chemical burns, which may require medical attention to prevent complications like scarring or vision impairment. Regular eye hygiene and avoiding known irritants can help maintain its health. When symptoms persist or worsen, consultation with an ophthalmologist or optometrist is recommended for proper evaluation and management.