Biegungskräfte

Biegungskräfte, also known as bending moments, are forces that cause a beam or structure to bend. They arise due to the distribution of loads along the length of the member and are crucial in the analysis and design of structures. Biegungskräfte are typically denoted by the symbol M and are measured in units of force times distance, such as Newton meters (Nm) or pound-feet (lb-ft).

The magnitude and distribution of bending moments in a structure depend on the type and location of the loads applied. For example, in a simply supported beam, the bending moment is maximum at the supports and decreases linearly to zero at the midpoint. In continuous beams, the bending moments are influenced by the relative stiffness of the connected members.

In the analysis of structures, bending moments are often determined using methods such as the moment distribution method or by integrating the product of the shear force and the distance from a reference point. The maximum bending moment in a member is a critical design parameter, as it directly affects the required cross-sectional dimensions and reinforcement in reinforced concrete structures or the required section modulus in steel structures.

Biegungskräfte also play a significant role in the stability analysis of structures, particularly for slender members subject to compression. The Euler-Bernoulli beam theory provides a fundamental framework for understanding the behavior of beams under bending moments, including the calculation of deflections and stresses.

In summary, Biegungskräfte are essential in the analysis and design of structures, influencing the required cross-sectional dimensions, reinforcement, and overall stability of members.