Beynin

Beynin is the Turkish genitive form meaning 'of the brain,' commonly used to discuss brain-related topics in Turkish. In English, it corresponds to phrases such as 'the brain's' or 'of the brain.' The brain itself is the central organ of the nervous system in humans and other vertebrates.

It consists of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. The cerebrum is divided into the two cerebral hemispheres and four lobes (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital). The limbic system, including the hippocampus and amygdala, supports memory and emotion. The brain is protected by the skull, meninges, and the blood-brain barrier; its blood supply comes mainly from the carotid and vertebral arteries, delivering oxygen and nutrients.

Neurons transmit signals via electrical impulses and chemical synapses; neurotransmitters such as glutamate, GABA, dopamine, and acetylcholine mediate communication. Plasticity allows learning and adaptation; neural networks coordinate perception, movement, language, and executive function. The brain integrates sensory input to form perception and behavior.

Adult human brains weigh about 1.3–1.4 kilograms. Development proceeds rapidly in early life, with synaptic pruning and myelination continuing into adolescence. Glial cells provide support and maintenance of homeostasis.

Clinical relevance: Brain injuries and diseases affect many functions. Common conditions include stroke, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis. Diagnosis uses imaging such as MRI and CT, along with neurological exams and biomarkers.

In Turkish, beyin means brain, and beyinin is the genitive form indicating possession, as in beyinin işlevleri (the brain's functions).