Bevonások

Bevonások, or coatings, are thin layers applied to surfaces to protect, decorate, or alter properties. They can be applied to metals, polymers, concrete, and ceramics, and they are designed to adhere, cure, and withstand service conditions.

They are broadly categorized into protective coatings (protect against corrosion, wear, chemicals), decorative coatings (color, gloss), and functional coatings (electrical insulation, friction reduction, hydrophobicity). Common materials include paints, varnishes, lacquers, powder coatings, ceramic or inorganic coatings, polymeric films, electroplating layers, and thin-film coatings used in optics or electronics.

Application methods vary: solvent- and waterborne spraying, rolling, dipping, powder coating, electroplating, electrostatic deposition, ceramic thermal spray, chemical or physical vapor deposition. Surface preparation is critical: cleaning, degreasing, etching, abrading, and profile creation to promote adhesion; curing conditions depend on material type.

Performance is described by thickness, adhesion, hardness, flexibility, and resistance to corrosion, wear, chemicals, UV, and temperature. Standard tests include adhesion tests (cross-cut, pull-off), abrasion resistance, and thickness measurements by magneto-destructive or eddy current methods; many coatings comply with ISO, ASTM, or EN standards.

Applications span automotive, construction, consumer electronics, aerospace, medical devices, and packaging. Life-cycle considerations include repairability, recoating intervals, and environmental impact, such as VOC content and solvent use; modern trends favor waterborne formulations, powder coatings, and low-VOC systems.