Beschaltung

Beschaltung is a German term used in electrical engineering and electronics to describe the way in which components are connected in a circuit, including how signals propagate, the biasing of active devices, and the arrangement of passive elements. It encompasses the wiring scheme, the network of resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits, as well as the connections to power supplies, inputs, outputs and ground. The term is used in schematics, datasheets and design notes to convey how a device should be wired to function as intended.

In practice, Beschaltung includes biasing networks for transistors or tubes, feedback paths, impedance matching, filtering, protection elements, and decoupling. It is distinguished from mechanical layout or PCB trace routing, though it is closely related to them, since proper Beschaltung must be complemented by physical layout for stability and noise immunity. For ICs, Beschaltung describes pin connections and required external components per application note.

Designing a Beschaltung starts with the functional specification, selecting an appropriate circuit topology, determining component values, and documenting the wiring in a schematic. Verification is done through simulation and testing. Examples include the common-emitter transistor amplifier with a base bias network, an op-amp with feedback and compensating components, or a digital gate with proper input and output wiring.

See also Schaltungsentwurf, Schaltung, PCB layout.