Benzineinjectors

Benzineinjectors are components of modern fuel-injection systems that meter precise amounts of gasoline and deliver them to the engine where they mix with air for combustion. They replace older carburetors and are used in most petrol engines worldwide. Their accuracy and spray characteristics influence power, fuel economy, and emissions.

Two main configurations exist: port fuel injectors, which spray gasoline into the intake port where it mixes with incoming air before entering the combustion chamber; and gasoline direct injectors, which spray directly into the combustion chamber at high pressure.

Construction and operation: Most injectors consist of a nozzle, a valve, a coil or actuator, a housing, and seals. In solenoid-driven designs, energizing the coil opens the valve for a precise pulse width; piezoelectric injectors use fast actuators for higher resolution. The fuel is supplied by a high-pressure pump via a fuel rail; port injectors typically operate at a few bar, direct injectors at tens to hundreds of bar. The spray pattern (cone, needle, or multi-hole) and nozzle geometry determine atomization and mixing.

Control: The engine control unit (ECU) determines injector on-time from sensor data (engine speed, load, air mass, oxygen sensors) and requested power, adjusting duty cycle and duration. Vehicle fuel pressure regulation and return or returnless systems help maintain stable operation. Injectors can be synchronised with ignition timing to optimize combustion.

Maintenance and reliability: Injectors can clog from varnish and deposits, especially with ethanol-containing fuels. Symptoms include rough idle, misfires, poor acceleration, higher emissions. Cleaning with solvent or ultrasonic cleaning, or replacement, may be necessary. Modern engines often include injector failure diagnostics.

Modern engines have benefited from precise injector control, enabling lean burn strategies, turbocharged efficiency, and lower emissions. The term benzineinjectors is sometimes used in non-English contexts to describe gasoline injectors.