Beeklandschappen

Beeklandschappen refers to a type of rural landscape in the Netherlands and surrounding regions characterized by networks of streams (beken) that interact with agricultural land and settlements. The landscapes are defined by watercourses and their floodplains, creating a patchwork of open water, wet meadows, marshy margins, and damp soils, interspersed with hedges, tree belts, and ditches. Hydrology is shaped by both natural processes and long-standing water-management practices; streams often meander and have oxbow lakes, while drainage ditches and embankments regulate water levels for agriculture and flood safety.

Beeklandschappen are typically found in river valleys and coastal lowlands where soils include clay or peat. Land use blends pasture, hayfields, and arable crops with water-dependent features. The landscape supports high biodiversity due to diverse microhabitats and seasonal water level fluctuations, and historically provided grazing routes and peat-cutting economies.

Historically, water management by regional authorities and drainage schemes have shaped these landscapes. Changes in agriculture and drainage have altered hydrology, leading to fragmented habitats and shifts in species composition.

Today, restorations aim to restore hydrological gradients, re-meander streams, re-wet floodplains, and maintain buffer zones along waterways. These efforts seek to balance agricultural productivity with biodiversity conservation and climate adaptation, while preserving the cultural heritage of traditional Dutch water management.