Beechmast

Beechmast refers to the nuts of beech trees, specifically the common beech (Fagus sylvatica) and American beech (Fagus grandifolia). These nuts are small, triangular seeds enclosed in a spiny husk that splits open when ripe. The beechmast is a significant food source for a wide variety of wildlife, including squirrels, mice, birds, deer, and wild boar.

The production of beechmast is cyclical, with heavy mast years occurring every few years, interspersed with years of low or no mast production. This irregular fruiting pattern is thought to be an evolutionary strategy to overwhelm seed predators and ensure some seeds survive to germinate. The timing of beechmast fall typically occurs in late summer and autumn.

Historically, beechmast was also utilized by humans. In times of scarcity, it could be gathered and consumed, though its high tannin content made it bitter and potentially indigestible if not processed correctly. Various methods, such as roasting or boiling, were employed to reduce the tannins and improve palatability. In some regions, beechmast was also used as animal fodder. The abundance of beechmast can influence populations of animals that rely on it as a primary food source, demonstrating its ecological importance.