Bedrest

Bedrest is a medical practice in which a person remains in bed and limits physical activity to support recovery from illness, injury, surgery, or pregnancy. It is prescribed by a clinician and can range from strict confinement to restricted activity performed while mostly in bed or in a chair. The goal is to reduce stress on the body, promote healing, prevent complications, or manage certain medical conditions.

Variants of bedrest include strict bed rest, where movement is minimal, and modified or restricted bed rest, allowing occasional activities such as sitting up, short walks with assistance, or light tasks in bed. Common indications include postoperative recovery, orthopedic or abdominal injuries, heart or vascular procedures, or management of high-risk pregnancies. Durations vary widely, from a few days to several weeks, and may be supervised in a hospital or performed at home.

Implementation focuses on comfort, pressure distribution, and prevention of complications. Practices may include regular position changes, gentle range-of-motion exercises, ankle pumps to reduce venous stasis, adequate nutrition and hydration, and measures to prevent pressure ulcers and deep vein thrombosis. Psychological support and social engagement are also considered important for adherence and well-being.

Evidence about bedrest effectiveness is mixed. Routine bedrest for many conditions has declined in favor of activity as tolerated when safe. In pregnancy, bedrest is used selectively, as it may carry risks such as thromboembolism, muscle loss, and emotional strain, with unclear benefits for some outcomes.