Bankartläsioner

A Bankart lesion refers to a specific type of injury to the shoulder joint, particularly involving the labrum—a ring of cartilage that surrounds the socket of the shoulder (glenoid). This injury is commonly associated with anterior shoulder dislocations, where the upper arm bone (humerus) slips out of its socket in the front. The lesion is named after the British surgeon Arthur James Bankart, who first described it in 1923.

The injury typically occurs when the shoulder is forced into an extreme position, such as during contact sports like football or hockey, or in motor vehicle accidents. The force can cause a tear in the anterior-inferior portion of the glenoid labrum, often accompanied by damage to the surrounding ligaments, particularly the inferior glenohumeral ligament complex. This instability can lead to recurrent shoulder dislocations if not properly treated.

Symptoms of a Bankart lesion include persistent shoulder pain, swelling, weakness, and a sensation of instability or the shoulder "giving way." Diagnosis is usually confirmed through clinical examination and imaging studies such as MRI or arthroscopy. In some cases, X-rays may be used to rule out other injuries, though they are less effective at identifying labral tears.

Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the injury. Non-surgical approaches, such as physical therapy and bracing, may be recommended for mild cases to strengthen the shoulder muscles and improve stability. However, recurrent dislocations often require surgical intervention, such as labral repair (Bankart repair) or reconstruction using a tendon graft (e.g., the Latarjet procedure). The goal of surgery is to reattach the labrum to the glenoid rim, restoring anatomical stability to the shoulder joint.

Prognosis generally depends on the promptness of diagnosis and treatment, as well as adherence to rehabilitation protocols. With proper care, most patients experience significant improvement in shoulder function and reduced risk of recurrent dislocations. Early intervention is key to preventing chronic instability and long-term complications.