Bakteerikerros

Bakteerikerros, also known as *Bacillus anthracis* infection, is a serious and potentially fatal zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium *Bacillus anthracis*. The illness primarily affects herbivorous animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, and wild grazing animals, but it can also infect humans through contact with contaminated animal products or environments. The disease is most commonly found in rural and agricultural regions, particularly in parts of Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and Latin America, though cases have been reported worldwide.

The bacterium produces spores that can persist in the environment for decades, making it resistant to harsh conditions. When animals or humans inhale, ingest, or have open wounds exposed to these spores, infection can occur. The disease manifests in three primary forms: cutaneous (skin), gastrointestinal, and inhalational anthrax. Cutaneous anthrax, the most common form in humans, begins as a painless skin lesion that progresses into a painful ulcer with a black center, earning it the nickname "woolsorter’s disease" due to its historical association with handling infected wool. Without treatment, the disease can lead to systemic infection and death.

Diagnosis typically involves laboratory testing, including microscopic examination, bacterial culture, or molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Treatment involves antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, or penicillin, depending on the severity and form of the infection. Vaccines are available for high-risk groups, including livestock and individuals in endemic areas.

Prevention focuses on controlling the disease in animal populations through vaccination, proper disposal of carcasses, and avoiding contact with contaminated materials. Public health measures, such as surveillance and rapid reporting of cases, help contain outbreaks. Anthrax remains a significant concern due to its potential use as a bioterrorism agent, prompting ongoing research into diagnostics, treatments, and countermeasures.