Backwardscompatibiliteit

Backwards compatibility, also spelled backward compatibility in American English, is the ability of a system to run software, use data, or interact with peripherals designed for earlier versions of itself. It preserves access to legacy content and functionality and is a common goal across computing, consumer electronics, and software ecosystems.

In practice, backwards compatibility can apply to hardware (new devices that can run programs or operate with accessories intended for older models), software APIs (new software can call functions of older APIs), and data formats (new programs can read files created by older applications).

Approaches to achieving backwards compatibility include emulation (reproducing older hardware in software), virtualization and compatibility layers (shim libraries or mode settings), hardware interfaces and adapters, and explicit support within software for deprecated formats. These methods aim to minimize disruptions for users and protect investments in existing content and workflows.

Historical examples illustrate different implementations. IBM PC compatibility allowed a broad range of x86 software to run on compatible machines from various vendors. Windows compatibility modes and Mac Rosetta 2 provide translation or emulation to support older applications on newer operating systems. In gaming, consoles such as the PlayStation 2 and Wii offered varying degrees of legacy game support through hardware or software means.

Trade-offs accompany these benefits. Maintaining backwards compatibility can increase development and testing costs, introduce performance overhead from emulation or translation, create security risks associated with legacy code or formats, and potentially slow innovation due to ongoing maintenance requirements.

Overall, backwards compatibility is a strategic consideration that influences product design, software governance, and user experience, balancing the desire to support existing assets with the need to advance technology.