backwards

Backwards, or backward, functions as an adverb and an adjective describing motion toward the rear or in the opposite direction of forward. It can also denote reversal of order, progression, or development. The spelling preferences vary by dialect: backwards is common in British English; backward is more common in American English for the adjective, while both spellings are used as adverbs.

Etymology: The terms derive from back + -ward, ultimately from Old English bæcweard meaning toward the rear; over time, variations such as backward and backwards emerged in Middle English and early Modern English.

Usage: Examples include walking backwards to avoid an obstacle or a car rolling backwards down a hill. In time-sensitive contexts, “backwards” can imply regression to a previous state. In computing and technology, backward or backwards compatibility refers to the ability of a system to run older software or data formats. Metaphorically, a country or organization may move backwards in social or economic terms.

See also: forward, reverse, backward compatibility.