Axelskada

Axelskada is a Swedish term that translates to a shoulder injury. It refers to damage or dysfunction of the shoulder region, involving structures such as bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and muscles around the glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joints, as well as the rotator cuff and labrum. Injuries are commonly categorized as acute traumatic injuries and overuse injuries, though degenerative conditions can also contribute to shoulder problems.

Causes vary and can include sudden trauma, such as a fall on an outstretched arm, a direct blow to the shoulder, or a collision in contact sports. Overuse injuries arise from repetitive overhead activities, heavy lifting, or repetitive throwing, leading to tendinopathy or impingement. Less common causes include dislocations, fractures, rotator cuff tears, labral tears, and arthritis. Risk factors include age, previous shoulder injuries, overhead sport participation, and poor scapular or rotator cuff strength.

Symptoms depend on the underlying injury but often include shoulder pain, especially with movement or lifting, limited range of motion, weakness, and sometimes swelling or a popping or grinding sensation. Night pain and instability may occur with certain injuries such as dislocations or labral tears.

Diagnosis relies on clinical evaluation and imaging. A medical professional typically performs a physical exam and may order X-rays to assess bone injury, MRI or ultrasound to evaluate soft tissues, and sometimes CT for complex fractures.

Treatment ranges from conservative to surgical. Initial care may involve rest, ice, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and physical therapy to restore strength and mobility. Injections may help inflammation, and surgery is considered for persistent or severe injuries such as recurrent dislocations, sizeable rotator cuff tears, or labral pathology. Prevention emphasizes gradual conditioning, balanced shoulder strengthening, proper technique, and adequate warm-up before activities.