Automakers

Automakers are companies that design, manufacture, and market motor vehicles, including cars, trucks, and commercial vehicles. They own the brands that market the vehicles and typically operate one or more vehicle assembly plants. In many cases, automakers rely on suppliers and contract manufacturers for components and subassemblies while maintaining final assembly and branding. The term is used for multinational groups that oversee the end-to-end process from product planning to aftersales service.

The industry is highly capital-intensive and concentrated in a small number of global groups. Major automakers include Toyota, Volkswagen Group, Hyundai Motor Group, General Motors, Ford, Nissan, Honda, Stellantis, BMW, and Mercedes-Benz. In addition, Chinese firms such as SAIC, Geely, and BYD play a growing role, alongside regional players across Europe, North America, and Asia. Many companies run extensive global supply chains and operate both in-house engineering and abroad production facilities.

Historically, mass production and the moving assembly line, pioneered by Ford in the early 20th century, enabled rapid vehicle manufacture. Since then, the industry has undergone globalization, consolidation, and now a rapid shift toward electrification, software, and advanced driver assistance. Regulators around the world impose safety and emissions standards, influencing product design and market access. The rise of electric vehicles, battery technology, and autonomous features shapes competition and investment in platforms and ecosystems.

The market structure favors scale and brand power, with high barriers to entry. Alliances, joint ventures, and platform sharing are common as automakers respond to regulatory requirements, evolving consumer preferences, and the transition to low-emission transportation.