Aurinkopaneelijärjestelmän

An aurinkopaneeli, or solar panel, is a device that converts sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic cells. When sunlight strikes the cells, photons knock electrons loose, creating direct current (DC) electricity. An inverter then converts DC to alternating current (AC) for use in homes and businesses. Solar panels are typically manufactured as crystalline silicon modules, assembled into arrays mounted on rooftops, ground mounts, or integrated into building facades. The main types are monocrystalline and polycrystalline silicon, which differ in cell structure and efficiency; thin-film technologies (such as CdTe or CIGS) offer flexibility but generally lower efficiency.

Performance depends on orientation, tilt, shading, and temperature. Efficiency ranges roughly as follows: monocrystalline about 20–25%, polycrystalline 15–20%, thin-film about 10–13%. Lifespan is usually 25–30 years, with gradual degradation of output over time (often around 0.5–1% per year). Systems may be grid-connected, allowing net metering, or off-grid with storage. Core components include mounting hardware and racking, electrical wiring, junction boxes, and inverters (string, micro, or power optimizers).

Maintenance is relatively minimal, typically involving periodic cleaning and occasional electrical checks. Environmental and economic considerations include life-cycle greenhouse gas reductions compared with fossil fuels, as well as the upfront cost, incentives, and payback period. Solar installations can reduce electricity bills and, in some markets, increase property value. Safety concerns focus on proper installation, electrical shocks, fire risk, and compliance with relevant standards and codes. The term aurinkopaneeli is the Finnish word for solar panel, reflecting its broad global adoption and multilingual terminology.