Aterectomy

Atherectomy is a minimally invasive endovascular surgical procedure used to remove atherosclerotic plaque from the lining of an artery. Atherosclerosis is a condition where plaque, made up of cholesterol, fat, calcium, and other substances, builds up inside the arteries, narrowing them and restricting blood flow. This blockage can lead to various cardiovascular problems, including peripheral artery disease and coronary artery disease.

The atherectomy procedure involves inserting a catheter into a blood vessel, usually in the groin or arm, and guiding it to the site of the blockage. Once in position, different types of atherectomy devices can be used. Some devices use a rotating burr with a diamond-coated tip to shave off plaque. Others use a small blade or laser to cut away the plaque. Some systems use a rotational cutter that grinds the plaque into small particles that are then flushed away or collected.

The goal of atherectomy is to restore adequate blood flow to the affected area. It is often performed in conjunction with other procedures, such as balloon angioplasty or stenting, to further open the artery and prevent re-narrowing. Candidates for atherectomy typically have significant arterial blockages that are causing symptoms and have not responded well to medication or lifestyle changes. The procedure is generally performed under local anesthesia. Recovery time is usually shorter than traditional open surgery, with most patients able to return to normal activities within a few days to a week. Potential complications, though rare, can include bleeding at the catheter insertion site, damage to the artery, or the formation of blood clots.