Arvutivõrke

Arvutivõrke, or computer networks, refer to a collection of interconnected computing devices and other hardware resources that can communicate with each other. These networks allow for the sharing of data, applications, and computing power among users. The fundamental purpose of a computer network is to facilitate communication and resource sharing.

Networks can be categorized by their geographical scope. Local Area Networks (LANs) typically connect devices within a limited area, such as a home, office building, or school. Wide Area Networks (WANs) cover a broader geographical area, connecting multiple LANs across cities, countries, or even continents. The Internet is the largest example of a WAN.

The physical infrastructure of a network can include cables (like Ethernet) and wireless technologies (like Wi-Fi). Data is transmitted across these networks in packets, which are small units of information. Protocols, such as TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), define the rules and standards for how data is formatted, addressed, transmitted, routed, and received.

Common network devices include routers, switches, hubs, and modems, each playing a specific role in directing and managing network traffic. Security is a critical aspect of computer networks, involving measures to protect data and resources from unauthorized access, modification, or destruction. This can include firewalls, encryption, and authentication methods. Networks are essential for modern communication, commerce, and information access.