Artärstenos

Artärstenos, also known as arterial stenosis, refers to the narrowing or constriction of an artery. This condition occurs when plaque, a buildup of cholesterol, fat, and other substances, accumulates on the inner walls of the artery. This buildup, known as atherosclerosis, gradually reduces the available space for blood to flow, leading to reduced blood supply to vital organs and tissues.

The symptoms of artärstenos depend on the location and severity of the narrowed artery. If it affects the coronary arteries supplying the heart, it can lead to angina (chest pain) or a heart attack. Stenosis in the carotid arteries supplying the brain may cause transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) or strokes. Narrowing of arteries in the legs can result in claudication, a type of leg pain that occurs during physical activity.

Risk factors for developing artärstenos include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and a family history of heart disease. Diagnosis typically involves imaging techniques such as angiography, ultrasound, or CT scans to visualize the arteries and assess the degree of narrowing.

Treatment aims to manage symptoms, slow the progression of atherosclerosis, and prevent complications. Lifestyle modifications such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, smoking cessation, and weight management are crucial. Medications may be prescribed to lower blood pressure, cholesterol, and prevent blood clots. In some cases, surgical or minimally invasive procedures like angioplasty with stenting or bypass surgery may be necessary to restore adequate blood flow.