Artärsjukdom

Artärsjukdom, also known as arterial disease or arteriosclerosis, refers to a group of conditions that affect the arteries, the blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body. The most common form is atherosclerosis, a process where plaque, a build-up of fat, cholesterol, and other substances, accumulates inside the arteries. This plaque narrows the arteries, restricting blood flow.

Factors contributing to the development of artärsjukdom include high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and a lack of physical activity. A family history of the condition can also increase risk. Symptoms vary depending on which arteries are affected. If arteries in the heart are narrowed, it can lead to angina or a heart attack. Blockages in the arteries of the legs can cause peripheral artery disease, characterized by leg pain during exercise (claudication). Arteries supplying the brain can be affected, increasing the risk of stroke.

Diagnosis often involves a physical examination, blood tests to check cholesterol and blood sugar levels, and imaging techniques such as ultrasound, angiography, or CT scans to visualize the arteries. Treatment aims to manage risk factors and prevent complications. This can include lifestyle changes like a healthy diet, regular exercise, and smoking cessation, along with medications to control blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar. In some cases, surgical procedures like angioplasty with stenting or bypass surgery may be necessary to restore blood flow.