Armeenia

Armeenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia. It is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran and the Nakhchivan exclave to the south. Its capital and largest city is Yerevan. The country is largely mountainous, lying in the Lesser Caucasus, with notable features including Lake Sevan and Mount Aragats.

The population is predominantly ethnic Armenians who speak Armenian. Eastern Armenian is common in the east and Western Armenian among diaspora communities. The Armenian language is the official language. The economy relies on services and industry, with agriculture remaining important and remittances playing a significant role. The Armenian dram (AMD) is the currency.

Armeenia declared independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic, with the president serving as head of state and a prime minister as head of government. Since the 2018 Velvet Revolution, governance has emphasized civilian-led reforms. The country has been involved in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict with Azerbaijan, including a 2020 war and ongoing negotiations. Russian peacekeepers have operated in parts of the region since 2020.

Culturally, Armeenia has a long Christian heritage, with the Armenian Apostolic Church playing a major role. The Armenian alphabet was created in 405 CE by Mesrop Mashtots, contributing to a distinctive literary and cultural tradition. The country maintains a sizable diaspora and is active in regional and international relations, balancing ties with Europe, the Middle East, and Russia.